Sleep problems often result from the impact of Alzheimer’s on the brain. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and people with Alzheimer’s often have difficulty sleeping. Behavioral problems may start at dusk and last well into the night - a syndrome known as sundowning.
Dementia and sleep disorders often go together
Studies have revealed that about 20% of Alzheimer’s patients experience agitation, confusion and anxiety at the end of the day.
Dementia and sleep disorders often go together and if they are left untreated, they can worsen a patient’s state and make caring for these patients even more difficult.
Some of the factors that interfere with sleep occur when light is reduced and there are more shadows. This causes people with dementia to misinterpret what they see and become afraid and confused. An upset in their internal body clocks can also cause confusion between night and day.
Strategies for coping with sleep problems
If a person is awake and confused, approach him or her calmly and offer reassurance that everything is all right. Find out if there is something the person needs. Don’t argue and gently offer a reminder of the time. Here are some strategies to help you handle sleep problems in dementia patients.
Create a comfortable, safe sleep environment
Make sure the room is at a comfortable temperature. Use a nightlight and appropriate door and window locks. A door sensor or motion detector can alert family members if a person starts to wander.
Keep to a schedule
Institute a regular routine of getting up at the same time, regular mealtimes and going to bed at the same time. Adapting to a new sleep schedule can be difficult and assistance is needed from caregivers for patients to get up at the right time in the morning and go to sleep at the right time.
Encourage activity during the day
Seniors may find it hard to exercise due to mobility issues, but it is important for dementia patients to do what they can, as aging causes their bodies to lose bone and muscle. Someone who rests all day is also likely to be more active at night.
Try to plan challenging activities such as doctor’s appointments, bathing and trips for the early morning. Discourage long afternoon naps and encourage some form of regular exercise, even if it is just a short walk or some stretches.
Discuss sleep disturbances with a doctor
Most doctors discourage the use of drugs for dementia patients. They prefer the use of non-drug methods than medication. In cases where drugs for dementia disrupt sleep, a doctor may suggest changing the time of taking them or decreasing the dosage.
Reduce intake of stimulants and unhealthy foods
Reduce nicotine, caffeine and alcohol intake, all of which can interfere with sleep. A nutritious diet is important for everyone, including dementia patients. They shouldn’t eat large meals too close to bedtime and anything eaten after 6 pm should be low in sugar and carbohydrates.
Some foods can help them to sleep – calcium, for instance, helps the body to produce more melatonin, so drinking a glass of milk before bed can help to induce sleepiness.
Take care of yourself
Be aware of your own mental and physical exhaustion. If you’re feeling stressed out, the dementia patient may pick up on this and become confused or agitated. It may help to share your experiences with others. Online support communities and message boards can help you to get ideas from other caregivers and find support.
Problems with sleeping are common among those with dementia, but implementing consistent routines and other habits can help to support healthy sleep.